Event-Related Potential Evidence for Involuntary Consciousness During Implicit Memory Retrieval

Event-Related Potential Evidence for Involuntary Consciousness During Implicit Memory Retrieval

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Classical notion claims that a memory is implicit if has nothing to do Red Raspberry with consciousness during the information retrieval from storage, or is otherwise explicit.Here, we demonstrate event-related potential evidence for involuntary consciousness during implicit memory retrieval.We designed a passive oddball paradigm for retrieval of implicit memory in which an auditory stream of Shepard tones with musical pitch interval contrasts were delivered to the subjects.These contrasts evoked a mismatch negativity response, which is an event-related potential and a neural marker of implicit memory, in the subjects with long-term musical training, but not in the subjects without.Notably, this response was followed by a salient P3 component which implies involvement of involuntary consciousness in the implicit memory retrieval.

Finally, source analysis of the P3 revealed moving dipoles from the frontal lobe to the insula, a brain region closely related to conscious attention.Our study presents a case 3 IN 1 MINT of involvement of involuntary consciousness in the implicit memory retrieval and suggests a potential challenge to the classical definition of implicit memory.